Monte Carlo Computer Simulation Study of the Hydrophobic effect: Potential of Mean Force for [(CH4)2]aq at 25oC and 50oC
Abstract: A series of liquid-state simulations has been performed in the system [(CH4)2]aq at 25oC as a function of separation R between the dissolved CH4 molecules. The potential functions for the H2O - H2O, CH4 - H2O, and CH4 - CH4 are based on quantum-mechanical calculations of the corresponding intermolecular interactions. The simulation was carried out by the Monte Carlo method augmented by convergence acceleration techniques involving force-bias and preferential sampling. The potential of mean force WSS(R) for the interaction of apolar species in water was determined using umbrella sampling orecedures on four windows in the intersolute coordinate. Convergence accelaration was found to be necessary for obtaining satisfactory results. Contact and solvent-separated contributions to the statistical state of the system are discussed in terms of radial distribution functions, quiasi-component distribution functions for coordination number, binding energy and pair-interaction energies. Stereographic views of significant structures are presented, and contributions of clathrate structures in the solvent are discussed. The results are discussed in the context of experimentally observed concentraion dependence of hydrophpbic effect and related theoretical work on WSS(R) by Marcelja, Michell, Ninham and Scully, Pratt and Chander and Pangali, Rao and Berne. Prosepects for quantitative study of the temperature dependence of the hydrophobic interaction and other quantitative extensions of the work are discussed.